Ketamine does not facilitate “going deeper” or better engagement of exposure therapy targets. Instead, ketamine and NMDA antagonists delete recently activated fears by disrupting their “reconsolidation”. Since reconsolidation takes place AFTER psychotherapy, so should ketamine treatment. Reactivated fears are most vulnerable to ketamine in the first 2 hours after psychotherapy. Memory storage continues and can be disrupted up to about 4 hours after exposure therapy, especially since IV and nasal ketamine rapidly enter the brain.
While large, long-term studies are not yet available, the preponderance of studies show no increase in psychotic episodes or symptoms outside of acute treatment sessions. As initially described by Krystal and colleagues, and summarized in recent systematic reviews, positive psychotic experiences during the dissociative episode are mild and self-limiting within 30 min of the end of the treatment.
Hypertension must be well controlled on the current regimen. Referring providers must provide the most recent blood pressure and pulse measurements taken in a medical office. At the start of each treatment, patients with resting blood pressure above 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic will not receive the ketamine treatment. Referring physicians should anticipate a rise as high as 20 mmHg systolic and 5 mmHg diastolic when considering the cardiovascular fitness for ketamine treatment.
Patients undergo continuous heartrate and blood pressure monitoring throughout the treatment. Comfortable, wireless monitors measure this at the wrist and index finger of one hand. All patients are monitored by closed circuit camera to minimize interruption of dissociative experiences. Expert nursing and medical staff are ready to adjust infusions, calm patients, or administer antihypertensive medications if required.
While large, long-term studies are not yet available, the preponderance of studies show no increase in psychotic episodes or symptoms outside of acute treatment sessions. As initially described by Krystal and colleagues, and summarized in recent systematic reviews, positive psychotic experiences during the dissociative episode are mild and self-limiting within 30 min of the end of the treatment.
Hypertension must be well controlled on the current regimen. Referring providers must provide the most recent blood pressure and pulse measurements taken in a medical office. At the start of each treatment, patients with resting blood pressure above 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic will not receive the ketamine treatment. Referring physicians should anticipate a rise as high as 20 mmHg systolic and 5 mmHg diastolic when considering the cardiovascular fitness for ketamine treatment.
Patients undergo continuous heartrate and blood pressure monitoring throughout the treatment. Comfortable, wireless monitors measure this at the wrist and index finger of one hand. All patients are monitored by closed circuit camera to minimize interruption of dissociative experiences. Expert nursing and medical staff are ready to adjust infusions, calm patients, or administer antihypertensive medications if required.